Background of the study :
Agricultural subsidies have long been implemented as a mechanism to stimulate rural development and enhance food security in Nigeria. In Oyo State, where agriculture forms a substantial part of the local economy, subsidies are pivotal in supporting smallholder farmers and promoting sustainable farming practices (Babatunde, 2023). The policy rationale behind subsidies is to reduce production costs, increase crop yield, and improve the livelihoods of rural communities. Recent academic discussions have emphasized that while subsidies can boost production, they may also distort market prices and lead to inefficient resource allocation if not carefully managed (Chukwu, 2024). In Oyo State, the effectiveness of these subsidies is evaluated in light of infrastructural deficits, limited access to credit, and volatile market conditions. Emerging studies suggest that the impact of subsidies is multifaceted, influencing not only agricultural productivity but also rural socioeconomic development and poverty alleviation (Balogun, 2025). This research seeks to critically assess the direct and indirect effects of agricultural subsidies on rural development in Oyo State, integrating quantitative data analysis with qualitative field insights to understand both the benefits and challenges associated with subsidy programs (Babatunde, 2023; Chukwu, 2024).
Statement of the problem
Despite the intended benefits of agricultural subsidies in promoting rural development, persistent challenges such as misallocation of resources, corruption, and limited outreach have impeded their success in Oyo State (Balogun, 2025). Many farmers continue to face difficulties in accessing subsidies, leading to disparities in agricultural productivity and rural income levels. Furthermore, the inefficiencies in subsidy distribution contribute to market distortions that negatively affect overall economic stability in the agricultural sector. This study seeks to identify the factors contributing to these challenges and evaluate the extent to which subsidy programs are meeting their development objectives. The research aims to provide a balanced analysis of the positive outcomes and inherent limitations of current subsidy policies (Babatunde, 2023).
Objectives of the study:
Research questions:
Research Hypotheses:
Significance of the study
This study is significant for policymakers and stakeholders in rural development as it provides an empirical assessment of agricultural subsidy programs in Oyo State. The findings aim to highlight both the benefits and challenges of subsidy implementation, offering a framework for policy improvements. The research will contribute to academic debates on agricultural economics and rural development while informing strategies that can enhance the efficiency of subsidy distribution. Ultimately, the study supports efforts to boost agricultural productivity and improve rural livelihoods (Babatunde, 2023).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to assessing the impact of agricultural subsidies on rural development in Oyo State only.
Definitions of terms:
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